■Foreword

Hard Time

Kazunori Ishimura

■Feature Articles: Spin-Polarized Electron Technology

Introduction to Spin-Polarized Electron Technology

Teruo Kohashi

Development of Spin-Polarized and Pulsed Transmission Electron Microscope
—Based on the Fundamentals and the Advantage of Polarized Electron Source—

Makoto Kuwahara, Tsutomu Nakanishi, Yoshikazu Takeda and Nobuo Tanaka

Spin-Polarized Low Energy Electron Microscopy

Takanori Koshikawa, Masahiko Suzuki, Tsuneo Yasue, Ernst Bauer, Tsutomu Nakanishi, Xiunuang Jin and Yoshikazu Takeda

Spin-Polarized Scanning Electron Microscopy (Spin SEM)

Teruo Kohashi

Spin-Polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: STM Magnetic Imaging of Nano Materials

Toyo Kazu Yamada

■Reviews

The Molecular Mechanisms of Biogenesis, Maturation, and Transport of Melanosomes

Morié Ishida, Norihiko Ohbayashi, Ayaka Yatsu and Mitsunori Fukuda

Immunohistochemistry in Diagnostic Surgical Pathology

Tomoo Itoh

Production, Propagation and Interference of Electron Vortex Beam

Koh Saitoh, Yuya Hasegawa and Masaya Uchida

■Lectures

Biofilm Formation and VNC (viable but nonculturable) State of Vibrio cholerae

Yoshimitsu Mizunoe

Visualization and Characterization of Tubercle Bacilli through Electron Microscopy

Hiroyuki Yamada

■Researches Today

Application of Direct Electron Detector for TEM

Naoyuki Miyazaki and Kazuyoshi Murata

In situ Observation of Structural Transition of Ice under Electron Beam Irradiation by Cryogenic Electron Microscopy

Keita Kobayashi, Kazutomo Suenaga, Masanori Koshino and Hidehiro Yasuda

Development of Ultrafast Relativistic-Electron Diffraction

Yoshie Murooka, Nobuyasu Naruse, Jinfeng Yang and Katsumi Tanimura

■Topics

Environmental Arrangement for Labor Safety and Health Regulations in Scientific Laboratory

Nobuhisa Iwachido, Itaru Yoshii, Kazuo Ikeda and Kazunori Toida

■Conference Reports

Report on The 14th International Congress of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry

Akira Sawaguchi

■Staff Commentary

Kazunori Toida